Label: Challenge Classics
Format: CD
Barcode: 0608917255423
Catalog number: CC 72554
Releasedate: 05-04-13
Format: CD
Barcode: 0608917255423
Releasedate: 05-04-13
Liturgical Music composed and conducted by James MacMillan
- James MacMillan is one of today’s most successful living composers and is also internationally active as a conductor
- His musical language is flooded with influences from his Scottish heritage, Catholic faith, social conscience and close connection with Celtic folk music
- This is all blended with influences from Far Eastern, Scandinavian and Eastern European music
- He held the position of Affiliate Composer of the Scottish Chamber Orchestra from 1990-2000
- He was Artistic Director of the Philharmonia Orchestra's Music of Today series from 1992-2002, and Composer/Conductor of the BBC Philharmonic from 2000-2009
- MacMillan continues his term as Principal Guest Conductor of the Netherlands Radio Kamer Filharmonie
- He has conducted orchestras such as the Baltimore Symphony, Rotterdam Philharmonic, Munich Philharmonic, City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra, Toronto Symphony, Los Angeles Philharmonic etc.
- James MacMillan has been presented with the prestigious ABO Award at the Association of British Orchestras’ annual conference (2012)
- Volume 2 in the MacMillan series!
This second volume of works by James MacMillan explores his liturgical music as well as orchestral work: his deep commitment to the Catholic faith and his dramatic and colourfully expressive writing for the orchestra have two constants during the course of his career, with frequent overlapping between the two.
O may seem at first to be a fashionably enigmatic title. In fact, it is the vocative “O” found in so many liturgical texts, and famously, in the Latin rite, the “O” antiphons which frame the Magnificat at vespers on the last seven days of the season of Advent. The vocative “O” in these remarkable texts addresses Christ, using a title drawn from the Old Testament prophecies of Isaiah and Micah – Sapientia (Wisdom), Adonai (Lord of Israel), Radix Jesse (Root of Jesse), Clavis David (Key of David), Oriens Radiant Dawn/Daypring), Rex Gentium (King of the Nations), Emmanuel (God with us), the initials of which, when reversed, form a Latin acrostic – “Ero cras”, meaning
“Tomorrow I come”.
In 2007 MacMillan set the antiphon for 21 December, O Oriens, in English translation as O Radiant Dawn, one of the series of “Strathclyde Motets” that the composer has written for practical liturgical use, simple of texture and memorable of melody. The present work is an adaptation of the motet, made in 2008, for three treble voices, trumpet in C and string orchestra. The musical material of the motet is left intact, gently haloed and amplified by the strings, but the bipartite structure of the original is changed by the insertion of a central section, heralded by the trumpet, in which the voices construct a meditative fantasy on the vowel “O”, while the wide-ranging trumpet writing seems to project the radiance of the Christological title of the text. The trumpet returns at the end of the work, hovering over pulsing choral repetitions of the word “Amen”.
Tryst is the earliest work on this disc, and was written in 1989 to a commission from the St Magnus Festival in Orkney. It was first performed there by the Scottish Chamber Orchestra, under the direction of Paul Daniel in June of that year. The work is in one movement made up of five sections, and is dedicated to Susan Loy, the composer’s grandmother, who died in March of that year. In many ways this is the work in which the composer’s technique and vocabulary proclaimed that he was a presence
to be reckoned with, though wider renown would come with The Confession of Isobel Gowdie, completed in the following year. The work’s title comes from a poem in Scots by William Soutar
O luely, luely cam she in
And luely she lay doun:
I kent her be her caller lips
And her breists sae sma’ and roun’.
(O softly, softly came she in
and softly she lay down:
I knew her by her fresh lips
And her breasts so small and round.)
MacMillan initially wrote a simply melody for the poem, a melody that has, as he notes, “persistently appeared, in various guises, in many works composed since – a congregational mass setting, a tiny fragment for violin and piano (After the Tryst) and ... in my music theatre piece Búsqueda. Not only has it cropped up again in this piece, but it has provided both the title and the emotional core of the music.”
Though the poem is apparently a straightforward love poem, MacMillan finds in it a whole world of conflicting sentiments, associations which are transferred to the melody, which has thereby attained the status of symbol in his work, suggesting, he says “commitment, sanctity, intimacy, faith ... love, but it is also saturated with
a sadness as if all these things are about to expire.”
This ambiguity is what makes Tryst such a compelling piece. There is certainly a feeling of farewell, and lamentation, but even though one might also detect acceptance, the work is far from pacific. Indeed, it opens with what one might describe as a violent keening, a glissando- drenched duet for clarinets combined with loud interjections from the whole orchestra. There is also a more “ceremonial” style of writing, perhaps suggesting Stravinsky’s Symphonies of Wind Instruments as an ancestor, or just possibly even the chorales of Birtwistle, that first appears in the second section of the work. This solemnity is gradually transformed into a kind of intoxicated dance, but again, consistent with the mercurial quality of the work, we are unexpectedly presented with a calmly beautiful chorale, played by pianissimo strings in a way that suggests a consort of viols, under soaring, questing violins, prefiguring moments in both Veni, Veni, Emmanuel (1991-2; recorded on volume 1 of this series, Challenge CC72540) and Seven Last Words from the Cross (1993). This in turn is transformed into a folk lament, but one framed and coloured by the full resources of the orchestra. The final section brings back the chorale-like material from the central section, but once again, it is contradicted by faster, more athletic writing; in keeping with Soutar, the music fades softly away to nothing:
Sae luely, luely cam she in
Sae luely was she gaen:
And wi’ her a’ my simmer days Like they had never been.
(So softly, softly came she in
So softly was she gone:
And with her all my summer days As though they had never been.)
MacMillan’s settings of the Magnificat and Nunc dimittis were written in 1999 and 2000 to commissions from the BBC and Westminster Cathedral respectively. The Magnificat was intended to be sung at the first BBC broadcast of choral evensong of the new Millennium, from Wells Cathedral, and both works exist in versions for choir and organ and for choir and orchestra. They are both large-scale, celebratory compositions, with dramatic and colourful writing for the orchestra – the spacious, haunting orchestral opening is surely one of the most unforgettable scene-settings for this text ever written – and making use of predominantly homophonic choral writing, rather different from the composer’s preference in general for melisma and highly decorated melodic lines, so that when more ornamented writing does appear, at “He hath filled the hungry with good things...”, it is the more striking. The doxology is positively shocking in its blazing, brassy, almost snarling portrayal of divine glory, but the quiet dynamics of the choral “Amens” and the final descent into mysterious calm with string glissandi imitating doves are a typically subtle MacMillan touch.
While the Nunc dimittis shares material with the Magnificat (most obviously the final “Amen”), it appears in a different guise, with much transformed modally. The work opens with basses quietly intoning the word “Lord” on a low E, doubled by cellos and double-basses and enveloped in a bass drum roll. The composer emphasizes in his note to the work the “unusual” chirping unison melody that subsequently appears for trebles, altos and tenors, doubled in the organ version by the sesquialtera stop, and orchestrally by woodwind, trumpet with mute and harmonics on the violin. At the end the music subsides back onto the basses’ low E, the starting point for this awe-struck exclamation of faith.
Ivan Moody
O may seem at first to be a fashionably enigmatic title. In fact, it is the vocative “O” found in so many liturgical texts, and famously, in the Latin rite, the “O” antiphons which frame the Magnificat at vespers on the last seven days of the season of Advent. The vocative “O” in these remarkable texts addresses Christ, using a title drawn from the Old Testament prophecies of Isaiah and Micah – Sapientia (Wisdom), Adonai (Lord of Israel), Radix Jesse (Root of Jesse), Clavis David (Key of David), Oriens Radiant Dawn/Daypring), Rex Gentium (King of the Nations), Emmanuel (God with us), the initials of which, when reversed, form a Latin acrostic – “Ero cras”, meaning
“Tomorrow I come”.
In 2007 MacMillan set the antiphon for 21 December, O Oriens, in English translation as O Radiant Dawn, one of the series of “Strathclyde Motets” that the composer has written for practical liturgical use, simple of texture and memorable of melody. The present work is an adaptation of the motet, made in 2008, for three treble voices, trumpet in C and string orchestra. The musical material of the motet is left intact, gently haloed and amplified by the strings, but the bipartite structure of the original is changed by the insertion of a central section, heralded by the trumpet, in which the voices construct a meditative fantasy on the vowel “O”, while the wide-ranging trumpet writing seems to project the radiance of the Christological title of the text. The trumpet returns at the end of the work, hovering over pulsing choral repetitions of the word “Amen”.
Tryst is the earliest work on this disc, and was written in 1989 to a commission from the St Magnus Festival in Orkney. It was first performed there by the Scottish Chamber Orchestra, under the direction of Paul Daniel in June of that year. The work is in one movement made up of five sections, and is dedicated to Susan Loy, the composer’s grandmother, who died in March of that year. In many ways this is the work in which the composer’s technique and vocabulary proclaimed that he was a presence
to be reckoned with, though wider renown would come with The Confession of Isobel Gowdie, completed in the following year. The work’s title comes from a poem in Scots by William Soutar
O luely, luely cam she in
And luely she lay doun:
I kent her be her caller lips
And her breists sae sma’ and roun’.
(O softly, softly came she in
and softly she lay down:
I knew her by her fresh lips
And her breasts so small and round.)
MacMillan initially wrote a simply melody for the poem, a melody that has, as he notes, “persistently appeared, in various guises, in many works composed since – a congregational mass setting, a tiny fragment for violin and piano (After the Tryst) and ... in my music theatre piece Búsqueda. Not only has it cropped up again in this piece, but it has provided both the title and the emotional core of the music.”
Though the poem is apparently a straightforward love poem, MacMillan finds in it a whole world of conflicting sentiments, associations which are transferred to the melody, which has thereby attained the status of symbol in his work, suggesting, he says “commitment, sanctity, intimacy, faith ... love, but it is also saturated with
a sadness as if all these things are about to expire.”
This ambiguity is what makes Tryst such a compelling piece. There is certainly a feeling of farewell, and lamentation, but even though one might also detect acceptance, the work is far from pacific. Indeed, it opens with what one might describe as a violent keening, a glissando- drenched duet for clarinets combined with loud interjections from the whole orchestra. There is also a more “ceremonial” style of writing, perhaps suggesting Stravinsky’s Symphonies of Wind Instruments as an ancestor, or just possibly even the chorales of Birtwistle, that first appears in the second section of the work. This solemnity is gradually transformed into a kind of intoxicated dance, but again, consistent with the mercurial quality of the work, we are unexpectedly presented with a calmly beautiful chorale, played by pianissimo strings in a way that suggests a consort of viols, under soaring, questing violins, prefiguring moments in both Veni, Veni, Emmanuel (1991-2; recorded on volume 1 of this series, Challenge CC72540) and Seven Last Words from the Cross (1993). This in turn is transformed into a folk lament, but one framed and coloured by the full resources of the orchestra. The final section brings back the chorale-like material from the central section, but once again, it is contradicted by faster, more athletic writing; in keeping with Soutar, the music fades softly away to nothing:
Sae luely, luely cam she in
Sae luely was she gaen:
And wi’ her a’ my simmer days Like they had never been.
(So softly, softly came she in
So softly was she gone:
And with her all my summer days As though they had never been.)
MacMillan’s settings of the Magnificat and Nunc dimittis were written in 1999 and 2000 to commissions from the BBC and Westminster Cathedral respectively. The Magnificat was intended to be sung at the first BBC broadcast of choral evensong of the new Millennium, from Wells Cathedral, and both works exist in versions for choir and organ and for choir and orchestra. They are both large-scale, celebratory compositions, with dramatic and colourful writing for the orchestra – the spacious, haunting orchestral opening is surely one of the most unforgettable scene-settings for this text ever written – and making use of predominantly homophonic choral writing, rather different from the composer’s preference in general for melisma and highly decorated melodic lines, so that when more ornamented writing does appear, at “He hath filled the hungry with good things...”, it is the more striking. The doxology is positively shocking in its blazing, brassy, almost snarling portrayal of divine glory, but the quiet dynamics of the choral “Amens” and the final descent into mysterious calm with string glissandi imitating doves are a typically subtle MacMillan touch.
While the Nunc dimittis shares material with the Magnificat (most obviously the final “Amen”), it appears in a different guise, with much transformed modally. The work opens with basses quietly intoning the word “Lord” on a low E, doubled by cellos and double-basses and enveloped in a bass drum roll. The composer emphasizes in his note to the work the “unusual” chirping unison melody that subsequently appears for trebles, altos and tenors, doubled in the organ version by the sesquialtera stop, and orchestrally by woodwind, trumpet with mute and harmonics on the violin. At the end the music subsides back onto the basses’ low E, the starting point for this awe-struck exclamation of faith.
Ivan Moody